biomarker hla untuk diabetes tipe 1 - Type 1 diabetes mellitus T1DM is apakah diabetes boleh minum yakult a metabolic disorder for which the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear for example vitamin D receptor VDR 14 HLAB and HLAA 15 HLA Immunological biomarkers for the development and progression of type 1 Type 1 diabetes T1D is an autoimmune disease with a prolonged and variable latent period that culminates in the destruction of pancreatic βcells and the development of hyperglycemiaThere is a need for diagnostic biomarkers to detect more accurately detect individuals with prediabetes to expedite targeting for prevention and intervention strategies Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive Tcellmediated destruction of the pancreatic βcells Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in disease susceptibility the major genetic susceptibility determinants are the highly polymorphic HLA loci on chromosome 6p21more specifically the class II loci HLADRB1 HLADQB1DQA1 see the study by Erlich Identification of candidate biomarkers and pathways associated with The distribution of the 26 significantly associated genes in the HLA region on chromosome 6 is shown in the Manhattan plot in Figure 1A illustrating that the associated genes cluster in a defined regionThe quantilequantile QQplot in Supplementary Figure 2A clearly shows many small pvalues median pvalue 005 likely resulting from the extensive LD in the HLA region de Bakker et al Type 1 Diabetes and the HLA Region Genetic Association Besides Abstract Type 1 diabetes T1D is one of the most widely studied complex genetic disorders and the genes in HLA are reported to account for approximately 40 to 50 of the familial aggregation of T1D The major genetic determinants of this disease are polymorphisms of class II HLA genes encoding DQ and DR 1 Introduction Type 1 diabetes T1D is the form of the disease that occurs primarily as a result of βcell destruction The American Diabetes Association ADA and the World Health Organization WHO have classified T1D into 2 categories namely immunemediated apa itu gula darah autoimmune and idiopathic Alberti Zimmet 1998 Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus Keywords type 1 diabetes biomarker prediction pathogenesis risk prevention antibody INS CTLA4 First genotyping of HLA loci combined with family history and autoantibody presence is a current approach for T1D risk prediction with high specificity for the highrisk categories of individuals However it has low overall Genetics of the HLA Region in the Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes Biomarkers for Type 1 Diabetes PMC National Center for Biomarkers for Type 1 Diabetes Sharad Purohit 1 and JinXiong She 1 2 Type 1 diabetes T1D is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the immune destruction of the insulin producing β cells of the pancreatic islets Todd JA Devoto M Cucca F Heterogeneity in the magnitude of the insulin gene effect on HLA risk in type 1 diabetes Novel Biomarkers in Type 1 Diabetes PMC PubMed Central PMC Established and emerging biomarkers for the prediction of type 1 HLA Class I and Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes T1D 2 a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component is caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells The major T1D susceptibility locus maps to the HLA class II genes at 6p21 and accounts for up to 3050 of genetic T1D risk Other nonHLA T1D loci in combination have smaller effects on disease risk compared to HLA Relationship of Type 1 Diabetes with Human Leukocyte Antigen HLA The rationale for T cell biomarkers Whilst several components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems are implicated in the beta cell destruction that leads to type 1 diabetes current evidence suggests that T cells are the main mediators 16 17Currently the natural history of type 1 diabetes is routinely monitored using measurements of glucose metabolism insulin or Cpeptide to Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes apple cider vinegar for diabetes type 2 PMC PubMed Central PMC
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